List of books and articles about iliad online research. Created for greek civilization at university of pittsburgh, summer 2020. For zeus son, sarpedon, it was a spear through the heart, and for hector, it was the bronze. And patroclus, stunned by the gods blow and euphorbus.
Patroclus 1 is best known for being achilles most loyal friend, and for having accompanied him to the trojan war role of patroclus 1. Even though patroklos is an important character in the iliad, homer gives little attention to him until the ninth book, and even then, the focus is not on patroklos himself, but on his relationship to achilles. He was the son of menoetius, the son of actor, king of opus. Its exact nature has been a subject of dispute in both the classical period and modern times. In the epic odyssey by homer, odysseus visited the underworld to seek advice from the prophet tiresias. For when helen was about to be given in marriage, many princes came from all hellas to win her hand, and among them. This is a crucial book and a turning point because in it zeus sits idly by knowing his son sarpedon will be killed, and achilles friend patroclus is also killed. How diomedes by his great valour made havoc of the trojans, and wounded even aphrodite and ares by the help of athene but now to tydeus son diomedes athene gave might and courage, for him to be preeminent amid all the argives and win glorious renown.
Greek myth3 college of arts and humanities greek and. One of the necessary books you must buy if youre interested in greek myth. With the appearance of patroclus in achilles armor the battle quickly turns, and. Oh would to godfather zeus, athena and lord apollo not one of all these. Daughter of cleoboea and mother of thestius 1 s children.
View notes greek myth3 from clas 170 at university of maryland. Even zeus, the most powerful of all gods, could be tricked or deceived, as evidenced by book 14 of the iliad. Anticlea was the daughter of autolycus and amphithea in greek mythology, and granddaughter of the god hermes. Thereupon patroclus, achilles friend, is inspired to go into battle wearing achilles armor. The question is why the strong compassionate bond between achilles and patroclus has a major significance in the greek victory over troy and how it accomplished to do so. The introduction and index pages at the back are really helpful and some are arranged into themes. Chryses appeal to apollo causes the god to attack the greek armies with plague.
Poeas would be named in many ancient sources as one of the argonauts, but his fame would. Patroclus in greek mythology greek legends and myths. Jun 02, 2012 millers book, written in her spare time while she taught latin in us secondary schools, is based on homers iliad and vividly reimagines the story of patroclus, the brotherinarms of achilles. Greek god mythology family tree chaos uranus gaea aphrodite coltus gyges briareus hecotonochires arges brontes steropes cyclops titans coeus phoebe mnemosyne crius cronus rhea hyperiontheia iapetus themis oceanus tethys.
Not that big a book for a library of greek mythology, but there is a lot of information. Patroclus is killed because of the interference of a god on the side of the trojans. In greek mythology, as recorded in homers iliad, patroclus p. Be sure to include as part of the aftermath what alliances for greece and troy. Polymele, sthenele, and periopis when he was young, patroclus had an argument with one of his friends, clysonymus, while playing dice. Ledbetter does so by comparing how thetis comforts the weeping achilles in book 1 of the iliad to how achilles comforts patroclus as he weeps in book 16. Dec 26, 2010 patroclus was the close friend and comrade of achilles, and it was his death during the iliad which spurred achilles to return to the battle. Achilles is the protagonist of the iliad, and the story centers on his rage and anger against agamemnon.
Although patroclus has been warned that he should only push the trojans out of the greek camp, he doesnt heed the advice. Achilles character analysis in the iliad litcharts. The armies fight all the way to the ships and very nearly into the greek camp. From this vantage point, the end is in sight, and, correspondingly, zeus now outlines the rest of the iliad and beyond, predicting even the eventual fall of troy, which occurs after. Achilles is also concerned for patroclus safety, and worries that a god might appear on the battlefield to intervene. There is no dramatic character development, but one does see patroklos as a character perpetrates dramatic events and provides a. Throughout the iliad of homer, the constant theme of death is inherently apparent.
Alexander the great and hephaestion who made symbolic public references to achilles and patroclus, damon and pythias, orestes and pylades, harmodius and aristogeiton are pairs of comrades who gladly face danger and death for and beside each other. Patroclus is prepared to, and does, make that sacrifice. Each main character, either by a spear or merely a scratch from an arrow, was wounded or killed during the progression of the story. In fact, one rarely sees patroklos as an individual. Excerpt as a teacher of classics i have often felt handicapped by the lack of a book of moderate length, containing an accurate account of greek mythology, in accordance. It is therefore a major source for our knowledge of the myths. The celebrated friend of achilles, was a son of menoetius of opus, 1 and a grandson of actor and aegina, whence he is called actorides. The son of the immortal seanymph thetis and the phthian king peleus, achilles is by far the greatest warrior of the trojan war. The fate of patroclus in the iliad of homer schoolworkhelper. Gods and heroes iliad odyssey marilena carabatea on. Patroclus arms for battle in all respects but for achilles weighted, heavy, tough spear 16.
Patroclus killed many trojans and trojan allies, including a son of zeus, sarpedon. The identity of his mother is unknown, with the names of many different women documented in different stories. Patroclus in pursuance of the request of nestor in the eleventh book entreats achilles to suffer him to go to the assistance of the greeks with achilles troops and armour. Poeas was a hero found in the stories of greek mythology. Various names are given in ancient texts for the mother of patroclus, including philomela, sthenele daughter of acastus, periopis daughter of pheres and polymele daughter of peleus. Iliad book 16 achilles and patroclus conversation act. She mainly appears as a sea nymph, a goddess of water, or one of the 50 nereids, daughters of the ancient sea god nereus. Really good book full of greek myths, contains all the main myths. One of the nonhomeric tales of his childhood relates that thetis dipped achilles in the waters of the river styx, by which means he became invulnerable, except for the part of his heel by which she held himthe proverbial achilles heel. Achilles uses a simile containing a young girl tearfully looking at her mother to complete the comparison. College of arts and humanities greek and roman mythology clas170 staley background and the iliad, books 12 1 old vs. From the first few lines of the iliad, achilles influence is evident.
Patroclus begs achilles to allow him to lead the myrmidons into battle. Eurytus 4 was a skilful archer, and believing himself invincible he challenged apollo, but the god, angry at his arrogance slew him. He was the best friend of the wellknown hero achilles. See more ideas about achilles, achilles and patroclus and greek mythology.
Zeus knows that the death of patroclus will force achilles to fight for the greeks achaeansdanaansargives. Although it was attributed to the athenian grammarian, apollodorus 180 120 or 110 b. In homers epic poem the iliad, achilles is represented as the greatest greek warrior and patroclus as his most admirable companion. The only way the greeks could win this war is with the help of achilles, but achilles has. Greek mythology shows that patroclus was the son of menoetius, one of the argonauts.
A to z of greek mythology family trees greek legends and myths. Procris in greek mythology greek legends and myths. In greek mythology, as recorded in homers iliad, patroclus ptro. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Althaea, leda, hypermnestra 2, iphiclus 2, evippus 1, plexippus 1, eurypylus 2, prothous 5, cometes 5 apd. Patroclus was the son of menoetius in greek mythology. And patroclus, stunned by the gods blow and euphorbus spear. He says he is crying for the wounded greeks, including diomedes, odysseus. Iliad, odyssey, aeneid, oedipus, jason and the argonauts and. But others say that eurytus 4 was killed by heracles 1, being so punished perhaps for not having accepted the compensation for the death of iphitus 1 that heracles 1 had offered him. In which patroclus is a legal assistant in a family solicitors, completely unqualified to deal with the latest case. A handbook of greek mythology presents a invaluable and userfriendly guide to the myths and legends of ancient greece their genesis, sources, development and significance. Next in importance are acusilaus, a logographer who lived at the end of the sixth century b. According to some accounts, odysseus was the son of anticlea by sisyphus.
Patroclus 1 had in any case to go to war if he was to comply with the oath of tyndareus, which he swore along with the other suitors of helen. See more ideas about achilles and patroclus, achilles and trojan war. Nestor recounts to patroclus their departure from phthia, for which nestor was present, reminding patroclus of his role as a guide and advisor to achilles. He urges patroclus to help convince achilles to fight, but also offers an alternate plan. Thaumacus being the eponym of thaumacia in magnesia. Instead he pushes to the walls of troy where apollo warns him to stop attacking.
This supernatural aura still clings to patroklos in his final appearance as a ghost in achilleuss dreamthough, of course, its hard to say if its really him or not. This intervention leads to the angering of agamemnon at calchas prophecy and achilles withdrawal for battle. Homers epic poem the iliad records the events of the trojan war. She was the spouse of laertes, with whom she had a son, the famous hero odysseus. The story covered by the iliad begins nearly ten years into the seige of troy by the greek forces, led by agamemnon, king of mycenae. Achilles attachment to patroclus is an archetypal male bond that occurs elsewhere in greek culture. Patroklos begged akhilleus to enter the battle but akhilleus was beyond sympathy. He agrees to it, but at the same time charges him to content himself with rescuing the fleet, without further pursuit of the enemy.
Procris was a mortal princess of greek mythology who was married to cephalus, the mutual love that the pair had for each other though was continually tested, often with one partner testing the other. The gods were very unpredictable in their actions towards men and other gods. Achilles prays to zeus for patroclus protection, futilely. Poeas was normally described as being the son of thaumacus by a woman unknown. Books 15 16 book 15 marks the beginning of the end for hector and the trojans, who have reached the height of their power and now face a downhill slope. An archive of our own, a project of the organization for transformative works. This is reflected in his use of maternal similes to describe his relationship to the achaean army 9. He suggests that achilles could send patroclus into battle in achilles armor, at least for long enough to cast fear into the trojans and prevent their advance. The greek position gradually weakens until agamemnon offers amendment to achilles books iix. Why the tale of achilles and his lover still has the power to.
His father was one of the argonauts, while many different women have been mentioned as patroclus mother. The gods each controlled a specific realm of nature and never intervened in anothers realm of control. In the iliad, homer describes a deep and meaningful relationship between achilles and patroclus, where achilles is tender toward patroclus but callous and arrogant toward others. His prose work on greek mythology now lost was consulted as a basic text by writers in the classical, hellenistic, and roman periods. Choose from 500 different sets of iliad iliad book 16 flashcards on quizlet. From homers iliad book 16 patroclus convinces achilles to give him his armor to fight. Achilles influence and morality in the iliad essay. Pray god such anger never seizes me, such rage you nurse. Patroclus exists to illustrate the ways in which the greek gods interfered with human affairs. Achilles influence and morality in the iliad essay bartleby. Eventually after much other fighting, hector attacks and kills patroclus. Patroclus rebels against achilles and his stubborn, enraged. The greeks are quarrelling about whether or not to return chryseis, a trojan captive of king agamemnon, to her father, chryses, a priest of apollo.
Book x tells of an expedition by odysseus and diomedes leading to greek reverses in the war. Patroclus last words try to rob hector of the honor of the kill. The war lasted ten years with the greek army laying siege to the city of troy. Pirithous was king of the lapiths in thessaly, who became the great friend of the hero theseus. Patroklos, glory of the father was a close wartime companion of achilles. Iliad, odyssey, aeneid, oedipus, jason and the argonauts. The son of menoetius and the lifelong companion of akhilleus achilles at the siege of the city of troy, akhilleus would not fight because of his dispute with the greek commander, agamemnon.
He suggests that achilles could send patroclus into battle in achilles armor, at least for long enough to cast fear into the trojans and prevent. The story of theseus the athenian hero greek mythology see u in history. The relationship between achilles and patroclus is a key element of the stories associated with the trojan war. Commonly, poeas was called king of meliboea, but perhaps he also ruled over olizon, methone, and thaumacia the town of his father, for these were regions from which his son would gather his troops in preparation for the trojan war. In the 16th book of homers iliad, zeus seems destined to fulfill his promise to. Greek myth3 college of arts and humanities greek and roman.
The library the library ofapollodorus, a handbook of greek mythology, alone of the many works of its kind survives antiquity. Achilles mother thetis tells him that he has a choice of two fates. So they fought to the death around that benched beaked ship as patroclus reached achilles. Apollodorus library has been used as a source book by classicists from the time of its compilation in the 1st2nd century bc to the present, influencing writers from antiquity to robert graves. Learn iliad iliad book 16 with free interactive flashcards. Ilias is an epic poem by the ancient greek poet homer, which recounts some of the significant events of the final weeks of the trojan war and the greek siege of the city of troy which was also known as ilion, ilios or ilium in ancient times.
The only work of its kind to survive from classical antiquity, the library of apollodorus is a unique guide to greek mythology, from the origins of the universe to the trojan war. As the trojans are driven back to the walls of troy by the patroclus and the surging myrmidons, apollo flees with them. When agamemnon refuses and threatens to ransom the girl to her father, the offended apollo plagues them with a. Patroclus was the son of menoetius in greek mythology, and best friend of the hero achilles.